基于可见—近红外反射光谱的典型农田重金属污染风险分类研究     

李全坤  赵万伏  文宇博  郭超  刘连文  季峻峰 《高校地质学报》2022,28(6):799-813

对于人为因素或自然因素造成的农田土壤重金属元素污染,需要进行大面积的土壤环境质量调查和分类管控,然而传统的采样测试方法存在工作量大、代价高等问题。可见—近红外（Vis-NIR）反射光谱是一种快速低成本获取土壤理化信息的手段。为研究Vis-NIR反射光谱预测模型划分土壤重金属污染风险类别的能力,文章以典型人为污染地区（浙江温岭）和典型地质高背景地区（广西横县）的390份农田土壤为样本,测定8种重金属元素（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn）的含量和pH值,并测定土壤Vis-NIR光谱。使用偏最小二乘（PLS）和支持向量机（SVM）算法建立回归模型,对土壤重金属含量和pH值进行预测,并基于预测值进行土壤重金属污染风险分类。结果显示,温岭土壤主要污染元素Cd和Cu的光谱模型回归预测偏差（RPD）分别为1.23和1.19,预测机制与有机质有关。横县土壤主要污染元素As和Cd的RPD分别为1.98和1.93,预测机制与铁氧化物和粘土矿物有关。地质高背景土壤重金属与铁氧化物的正相关性普遍较强,使得光谱模型对重金属含量预测准确度较高。温岭和横县土壤pH值的光谱模型RPD分别为1.76和1.68。土壤重金属污染风险光谱分类的总体 准确度分别为75.0%~100%（温岭）和80.0%~100％（横县）。将Vis-NIR光谱与遥感技术相结合,对农田土壤重金属污染风险进行快速分类总体是可行的。  相似文献   

Assessing the impact of conceptual mineral systems uncertainty on prospectivity predictions     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(6):101435

The past two decades have seen a rapid adoption of artificial intelligence methods applied to mineral exploration. More recently, the easier acquisition of some types of data has inspired a broad literature that has examined many machine learning and modelling techniques that combine exploration criteria, or ‘features’, to generate predictions for mineral prospectivity. Central to the design of prospectivity models is a ‘mineral system’, a conceptual model describing the key geological elements that control the timing and location of economic mineralisation. The mineral systems model defines what constitutes a training set, which features represent geological evidence of mineralisation, how features are engineered and what modelling methods are used. Mineral systems are knowledge-driven conceptual models, thus all parameter choices are subject to human biases and opinion so alternative models are possible. However, the effect of alternative mineral systems models on prospectivity is rarely compared despite the potential to heavily influence final predictions. In this study, we focus on the effect of conceptual uncertainty on Fe ore prospectivity models in the Hamersley region, Western Australia. Four important considerations are tested. (1) Five different supergene and hypogene conceptual mineral systems models guide the inputs for five forest-based classification prospectivity models model. (2) To represent conceptual uncertainty, the predictions are then combined for prospectivity model comparison. (3) Representation of three-dimensional objects as two-dimensional features are tested to address commonly ignored thickness of geological units. (4) The training dataset is composed of known economic mineralisation sites (deposits) as ‘positive’ examples, and exploration drilling data providing ‘negative’ sampling locations. Each of the spatial predictions are assessed using independent performance metrics common to AI-based classification methods and subjected to geological plausibility testing. We find that different conceptual mineral systems produce significantly different spatial predictions, thus conceptual uncertainty must be recognised. A benefit to recognising and modelling different conceptual models is that robust and geologically plausible predictions can be made that may guide mineral discovery.  相似文献   

Distribution Prediction of Middle-deep Lacustrine Source Rocks in Eocene Wenchang Formation in the Kaiping Sag,Pearl Mouth Basin     

XIONG Lianqiao  XIE Xiaojun  ZHAO Zhao  ZHANG Chunyu  WANG Long  LIAO Jihu  CAI Lulu  XU Wei 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(1):248-258

Oil and gas shows are rich in drilling wells in Kaiping sag,however,large oilfield was still not found in this area.For a long time,it is thought that source rocks were developed in the middle-deep lacustrine facies in the Eocene Wenchang Formation,while there is no source rocks that in middle-deep lacustrine facies have been found in well.Thickness of Wenchang Formation is big and reservoirs with good properties could be found in this formation.Distribution and scale of source rock are significant for further direction of petroleum exploration.Distribution characterization of middle-deep lacustrine facies is the base for source rock research.Based on the sedimentary background,fault activity rate,seismic response features,and seismic attributes were analyzed.No limited classification method and multi-attributes neural network deep learning method were used for predicting of source rock distribution in Wenchang Formation.It is found that during the deposition of lower Wenchang Formation,activity rate of main fault controlling the sub sag sedimentation was bigger than 100 m/Ma,which formed development background for middle-deep lacustrine facies.Compared with the seismic response of middle-deep lacustrine source rocks developed in Zhu I depression,those in Kaiping sag are characterized in low frequency and good continuity.Through RGB frequency decomposition,areas with low frequency are main distribution parts for middle-deep lacustrine facies.Dominant frequency,instantaneous frequency,and coherency attributes of seismic could be used in no limited classification method for further identification of middle-deep lacustrine facies.Based on the limitation of geology knowledge,multi-attributes of seismic were analyzed through neural network deep learning method.Distribution of middle-deep lacustrine facies in the fourth member of Wenchang Formation is oriented from west to east and is the largest.Square of the middle-deep lacustrine facies in that member is 154 km²and the volume is 50 km³.Achievements could be bases for hydrocarbon accumulation study and for exploration target optimization in Kaiping sag.  相似文献   

热河生物群爬行类化石Monjurosuchus splendens中文译名讨论及其属种分类位置研究简史     

姬书安 《地质论评》2021,67(1):67020011-67020011

Monjurosuchus splendens是辽宁西部热河生物群中最早被正式命名的爬行类化石,该属种名称在最初以英文发表的论文中并没有明确其含义,导致它的中文称谓有“文珠龙”（属名）、“荣耀满洲鳄”、“楔齿满洲鳄”等几种说法。本文认为属名（Monjurosuchus）应尊重最初命名者论文中的日文摘要表述的含义,称之为“满洲鳄”,而种名（splendens）的拉丁文并不是“楔齿”之义,应按其本义译为“华丽”,因而Monjurosuchus splendens的正确中文译名应为“华丽满洲鳄”。华丽满洲鳄的分类位置、以及其与辽宁西部另一爬行类化石“东方喙龙Rhynchosaurus orientalis”的关系长期以来亦存在着不同看法,直到20世纪末和21世纪初Monjurosuchus splendens作为有效属种名称被再次确认且被正确归入离龙目（Choristodera）。本文回顾了该属种研究历史及其分类位置的认识变化情况,支持将其归入离龙目（Choristodera）满洲鳄科（Monjurosuchidae）、而且“东方喙龙Rhynchosaurus orientalis”为华丽满洲鳄Monjurosuchus splendens的晚出同物异名这一观点。  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布江流域极端降水模拟及预估     

高佳佳  杜军 《冰川冻土》2021,43(2):580-588

为了解雅鲁藏布江流域汛期极端降水的变化规律,推算一定重现期的极端降水量分位数,通过百分位法、Hill图法、年交叉率法选取阈值,借助广义帕累托分布函数（GPD）对流域极端降水频率进行了分析。结果表明：99百分位时的阈值为流域内各站点的最佳阈值,且各站点超阈值序列通过了M-K的平稳性检验,无明显突变。拟合效果通过K-S检验,各站点拟合的极端降水理论频数和实测频数基本相符。尺度参数的大值区位于流域下游,表明该地区的极值波动大;形状参数正值区位于流域中上游地区,说明发生破纪录降水事件的概率较大,拟合结果与实际观测一致。从5年一遇和10年一遇的极端降水值来看,雅江流域除拉孜站外,其他地区降水极值均超过30 mm,日喀则地区的降水极值达50 mm;各地区20年一遇和30年一遇的降水极值增长的非常缓慢。通过与实际极端降水值对比分析得出,GPD拟合计算出的重现期水平基本符合实际,即具有一定的合理性。  相似文献   

页岩岩相分类表征及对建产区产能的影响     

欧成华  梁成钢  罗利  杨晓  李丹  李兆亮 《沉积学报》2021,39(2):269-280

单井产气能力差异大,导致持续稳产困难是页岩气建产区面临的关键难题。围绕页岩气建产区特点,建立了考虑建产区产气能力影响的优质海相页岩岩相分类表征技术流程。首先,分析了建产区优质页岩产气能力差异主控因素,制定了建产区优质页岩岩相分类方案;然后,建立了TOC含量,孔隙度,泥质、硅质、钙质矿物含量等关键参数测井计算模型,结合页岩成因类型,完成了建产区单井参数计算及岩相识别,在实例页岩气建产区识别出10类页岩岩相,揭示了页岩岩相类型与产气能力差异间的对应关系;最后,采用沉积微相约束岩相的策略,运用截断高斯模拟算法建立起实例页岩气建产区岩相三维模型,展示了每类岩相的空间分布特征,揭示了区内五峰组—龙马溪组海相黑色页岩内部产气能力差异特征,与此同时,按照满足在三维空间中所占体积比例大、产气能力大的条件,确定区内产气能力最优的岩相类型为:富碳高孔含钙泥质硅质页岩、富碳富孔混合页岩和高碳中—高孔含钙含泥硅质页岩。上述成果有利于解释建产区不同空间位置产气能力存在较大差异的本质原因,为页岩气建产区精细化生产管理提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

非平稳条件下北京市最大月降水量频率特征分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

韩丽  黄俊雄  周娜  李超 《水文》2021,41(2):32-37,108

为探究气候变化下极端降水的频率变化特征,基于北京市22个雨量站实测月降水量数据,以时间为协变量构建平稳和非平稳GEV模型,对北京市最大月降水量序列(极值降水序列)进行模拟和频率分析,并采用Bootstrap方法对频率分析结果的不确定性进行评价。结果表明:所有极值降水序列的最优概率分布模型均为非平稳GEV模型,该模型能够抓住序列随时间呈显著下降趋势的变化特征;由非平稳GEV模型估算得到的极值降水重现水平随时间呈减少趋势,这意味着未来极值降水导致洪涝灾害的风险在降低,但导致干旱的风险将增加;随着重现期的增加,极值降水重现水平估计值的不确定性也随之增大。  相似文献   

毫米波雷达云回波的自动分类技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨晓  黄兴友  杨军  李培仁  李盈盈  杨敏  刘燕斐  张帅  闫文辉 《气象学报》2019,77(3):541-551

毫米波雷达在云探测方面比厘米波天气雷达和激光雷达具有显著优势,可获得更多的云粒子信息,是研究云特性的主要遥感探测设备。为了开展对毫米波雷达探测的云回波进行自动分类的研究,利用161次云回波的个例数据,统计得到了卷云、高层云、高积云、层云、层积云和积云6类云型的特征量和其他参量的数值范围,利用分级的多参数阈值判别方法,达到了自动分类的目标,通过与人工分类的初步验证,两种分类结果的一致性达到84%,其中,层云和积云的识别一致较低的原因在于样本数据有限,仅有6次层云和8次积云的个例样本数据。通过更多样本的处理,提取的特征参量更可靠,自动分类的准确率会得到提高,以便将基于毫米波雷达的云分类技术应用于将来的云观测自动化业务。   相似文献   

山东滨州市冰雹天气分型和预报方法研究     

王培涛  王凤娇  张婷婷 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2019,(3):33-40

利用山东滨州市7个国家气象站与61个人影作业站点观测资料,结合高空观测及探空、ECMWF再分析等资料,对2001—2011年滨州降雹时空分布特征、天气系统和物理量特征、降雹形势分型和预报方法进行研究。得出:(1)降雹日数年均8.6次,总体呈现明显下降的年际变化特征;4—10月可降雹,6—7月降雹最多;降雹主要出现在14时—翌日02时;北部沿海相对较多。(2)降雹形势主要有5种类型:冷涡型降雹、低槽型降雹、横槽型降雹、西北气流型降雹、其他小范围降雹。根据冷涡中心位置冷涡型划分为两个关键区;低槽型可分为前倾槽、阶梯槽、较深低槽、与中低纬度共同作用的槽;横槽型降雹范围广、破坏性大;西北气流型存在连续性。(3)4类13种物理量具有不同分布特征和变异系数,均具有较好的代表性。不同月份、不同降雹影响程度和影响系统,物理量具有较明显差别。(4)0℃层高度在1370~5331m时,7种物理量可用于预报冰雹,K≥17℃、T850-500≥25℃、LI≤2℃、SRH≥0.1m^2·s^-2、SSI≥240、SWEAT≥100、Cape≥2J·kg^-1时可能降雹。6月、7—8月和其它月分别有3种、1种、3种物理量指标组合可用于预报冰雹,物理量的组合和数值有差异。  相似文献   

BP人工神经网络法在大同市日极大风速预报中的应用     

刘洁莉  刘冬辉  韩登云  徐鑫 《内蒙古气象》2019,(2):34-38

文章利用2010年1月1日—2013年12月31日逐日NCEP再分析资料(1°×1°)和大同地区地面常规观测资料,采用BP人工神经网络法建立大同市分站点、分季节日极大风速人工神经网络预报模型并且在对T639数值预报产品和EC细网格数值预报产品释用基础上建立了台站日极大风速的客观预报系统,对2015年9月1日—2016年7月31日进行了24h预报,试用结果显示,各季模式平均绝对误差在3.2~5.7m·s^-1之间,因此,该系统可以为预报员快速做出日极大风速的预报提供客观参考依据。  相似文献